A Beautiful Mind, A Film Based On A True Story Of A Famous

A beautiful mind, a film based on a true story of a famous mathematician by the name of John Nash. John goes on to win the Noble-Prize for some of his published mathematical work which he conducted at Princeton University. Unfortunately, John suffered from a psychological disorder which interfered with his personal life, work, and generally every aspect of his life. The psychological disorder which John suffers from is schizophrenia. Although the etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown, it has become a much more treatable and manageable disorder, but still no cure. Throughout the film, John Nash displays some of the classical schizophrenic symptoms. This essay will elaborate more on these symptoms. Furthermore, what could have been†¦show more content†¦This NSA agent, who is a hallucination, tells John that he is the best code breaker the agency has ever seen, and that country’s safety is in his hands. Without doubt, John is displaying one of schizophrenia’s most common symptom. Second, John also displays positive symptoms. According to the abnormal psychology textbook, positive symptoms consist of unusual thoughts, feelings and behaviors. For example, one positive symptom is the presence of delusions, which are fixed beliefs that are not changeable when presented with conflicting evidence (Tirupati et al, 2006, Pg.359). To further illustrate, John’s colleagues and wife start to realize why he has been coming home so late. His wife discovers John’s office filled with newspaper clippings that have gibberish written all over them. Also, John’s wife discovers that he has been delivering the newspaper clippings to an abandoned house. To clarify, John firmly believes that the newspaper clippings are codes that he has solved and believes that he has dropped them off at the agent’s house. Furthermore, John’s wife tries to make him realize that all his so called â€Å"work†, or the newspaper clippings were never read and that he had dropped them off at an abandoned house. This is where the positive symptoms come in. John’s wife has now presented John with conflicting evidence and that everything he is doing is a delusion, but john does not want to believe it, even though theyShow MoreRelatedBrothers Grimm and Beautiful Mind1109 Words   |  5 Pages * A Beautiful Mind Film Analysis A Beautiful Mind Film Analysis This movie is based on the true story of the brilliant mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr. He made remarkable advancements in the field of mathematics at a young age and had a very promising future. 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Both of these pictures are about a ballet student who accidentally cripples a famous ballerina when she throws the switchRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1376 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand us won’t have to fear us. The story of Frankenstein could have a deeper meaning that most readers have neglected to catch over the years. Maybe the story of Frankenstein was loosely based on the emotions of Mary Shelley from similar situations she was forced to experience throughout her lifetime. One of her most famous quotes show evidence that she sometimes felt like she was not ordinary in the eyes of most. â€Å"The act of writing may compose the mind†¦ but the boiling of the soul, and quakeRead MorePost Modernism Of Baz Luhrmann s Film Adaptation Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet3440 Words   |  14 PagesPost-modernism in Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet: a comparison of two creative works from two different periods. In 1996, Baz Luhrmann directed â€Å"Romeo + Juliet†, a modern twist on the famous tragedy play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare in 1597, in which the main characters Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet where portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes. While some praise the strange interpretation of the old tale, there are also thoseRead MoreEssay on Aaliyah - Original Writing1652 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the real Aaliyah than any media report could ever attempt. Her tragically shortened life followed the message from within one of her most famous songs, If at first you dont succeed, dust yourself off and try again. Aaliyah Dana Haughton was born on January 16th, 1979 in Brooklyn, New York. Her Grandmother would tell stories of how she was special straight out of the womb; born with a full head of hair. Aaliyah lived in Brooklyn for five years until, together withRead MoreEssay Witchcraft Portrayed in Films6180 Words   |  25 Pagesby media and popular word of mouth couldnt be more wrong. Norman Cohen in Europes Inner Demons claims that there is no factual basis for any accounts of witches Sabbaths. Written accounts of such events are either `forgeries or the result of stories originated by the church and other authorities as a means of persecuting non orthodox groups. (Russell, page 114) It stems originally from the period of expansion of Christianity, during the third century of the Common Era. Christianity, followingRead MoreAre Happy Endings Possible? Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesor â€Å"happily ever after† as young children by watching the famous and well-told love stories created by Walt Disney. Disney movies were simply made to portray magical and imaginative stories that conclude in happy endings. As a child, watching films such as â€Å"Aladdin,† â€Å"The Little Mermaid,† and â€Å"Pocahontas,† all give off feelings of pleasure and happiness in which have lead children to believe that anything is possible. Disney love stories fulfill in the idea that love is real, wonderful, and consistsRead MoreInfluence Of Urban Legends On Various Art Forms Of 21st Century3442 Words   |  14 Pages.......................13 Impact of Urban Legends on Various Art Forms of 21st Century Chapter 1: Introduction Urban legend, urban folklore or urban tale is a form of modern folklore which consists of stories that may or may not have been believed by their tellers to be true and often possess horror implications that are believable by their audience. An Urban legend necessarily does not originate in the urban area. Urban legends are passed through the years and it depends upon the teller

The Compromise Of The Civil War - 913 Words

As a raging crisis was emerging, moderates and unionists were attempting to create a great compromise that would settle such issues. On January 29, 1850, Henry Clay has written a compromise and presented it to the Senate. The document consisted of admitting California as a free-state, the formation of territorial governments, and the abolition of slavery. Instead of a peaceful settlement, the resolutions launched a raging debate for seven months. As time went by, there has been numerous of events and court cases that led to the Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 was just the beginning of a series of debates in regards to slavery. After six months of fervent disputing, a new assembly of leaders began to take control of the debate from the old â€Å"triumvirate† of Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. The new leaders would to produce a compromise, unlike the older leaders. However, the only problem of the compromise was the absence of the most powerful obstacle: the president. As Zachary Taylor died from a violent stomach disorder on July 9, 1850, he was replaced by Millard Fillmore of New York, whom seemed as a dull and honorable man who understood the political significance of tractability. Fillmore then persuaded the northern Whigs into line. Another leader, Stephen A. Douglas, a Democratic senator from Illinois, proposed the bill that Clay has composed and envisioned a new, comprehensive resolution to the sectional crisis and presented a series of distinct measures to be voted on one byShow MoreRelatedThe Compromise Of The Civil War972 Words   |  4 PagesWithout Compromise The issue with compromise is that it must give each party the sense they have won something or at least not suffer a total loss. Why then, did the Compromises of 1820 and 1850 not prevent the Civil War? Because neither set of laws directly addressed the right to own slaves. A country cannot have two sets of laws for two different regions. As we have seen with segregation and gay rights, deferring to states’ laws only works to delay addressing the issue at hand. While no one canRead MoreThe Compromise Of 1850 During The Civil War925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Compromise of 1850 played an enormous event in the history of the United States. This compromise disabled an on-going political conflict between free and slave states. This conflict began during the Mexican-American war of 1846 and it regarded the amount of territories obtained. The Compromise of 1850 delayed the Civil War by establishing the Fugitive Slave Act, separating Texas Territory, banning slave trade in D.C., admit ting California as a free state, and also by installing popular sovereigntyRead MoreHow Compromises Failed to Prevent the Civil War1726 Words   |  7 Pagesnumerous compromises were proposed to ease the conflict. Such compromises included the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Crittenden Compromise. These compromises had intentions of defining where slavery was permitted and clarifying states’ rights. They were only temporary fixes to a more pressing issue. Between the Missouri Compromise and the Crittenden Compromise, a series of events changed the political atmosphere of the United States and prevented any more compromises on the institutionRead MoreThe Missouri Compromise And Events Leading Up Of The Civil War Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Missouri Compromise and events leading up to the Civil War were based mainly on slavery and the two conflicting viewpoints of the American people. The compromises involving slavery were only short-term solutions for a very long-term problem. The Civil War changed the foundation of America forever. The war was inevitable, and thus, the contrasting views between the North and the South were bound to break out into warfare at some point. In February of 1819, Missouri applied for statehood in theRead MoreCompromise in the Pre-Civil War Era APUSH DBQ2135 Words   |  9 Pagesdeclaring its independence from Britain, America has developed on the foundation of compromise. Upon the drafting of the Constitution, the Founding Fathers were succumbed to compromise in order to incorporate the needs of the different parts of the nation. During the early eighteenth century, Americans achieved reconciliation of political disputes, predominately between the North and the South, through compromise. By 1860 this was no longer feasible and the nation was faced with disheartening threatsRead MoreBreak down of compromise between 1820 and 1860 leading to the civil war1471 Words   |  6 PagesHistory December 3, 2013 Analysis of the Compromise Breakdown from 1820 to 1860 Time periods of American history are analyzed closely to the extent that it is essential to understand the motives and basis for future events and to recognize social patterns. Among events that have affected the United States, immigrations, wars and political dispute are three of the chief categories that most directly affect the state of the nation as well as each other. The war class has been easily liked to both politicalRead MoreWhy the compromises from 1846~1861 failed to prevent the Civil War1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe compromises from 1846 to 1861 were, by their intentions, to postpone the struggle between the north and the south temporarily but not to solve it. The foundational problems, like the the slavery itself, the differences in social structure and economic system and the expansion of slavery, were left. The increasing struggle between the abolitionists and slave owners and between the newly formed Republican Party and the Democratic Party kept putting those ques tions in front of the US people. TheRead MoreEssay about An Inside Look at the American Civil War999 Words   |  4 PagesA civil war is a war between citizens of the same country. From 1861 to 1865, America was fighting its own civil war. The American Civil War began when several Southern slave states declared their secession. When they seceded, they formed the Confederate States of America which was also known as the confederacy. The states remaining were known as the Union. Before the Civil War, slaves were treated unfairly, like property, rather than people. One court case that proves this is the 1857 court caseRead MoreThe American Civil War962 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the most devastating wars in America’s history. The war did not only divide the country, but it also divided families. There were a lot of things that led to the Civil War but, I believe the primary source of the North/South conflict that led to the Civil War was the issue o ver Free states vs. Slave states. The three political acts that helped this source of conflict led to the Civil War was The Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, and The Kansas-NebraskaRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in place

Leadership and Management Organizational Process

Question: Describe about the Leadership and Management for Organizational Process. Answer: Why would an organization wish to review organizational processes, procedure requirements for undertaking risk management? (3 marks) Risk management comprises of process of identifying with analyzing risk factors present with an organizational processes, procedure and requirements(Power, 2007). Thus, with proper evaluation of organizational processes it is possible to analyze risks. When applying a risk management process, list 3 examples of scope that the process may be limited to. (4 marks) While applying risk management process the scope of such needs to be defined in connection to organizational external and internal environment. Thus, scope of every risk management procedure is limited to; Organizational background Previous risk management processes Structure of risk management initiatives and control(Lam, 2014) In your own words summaries the Risk Management guidelines. Risk management guidelines include establishing context for risk management. Then communicating risk management aspects to organizational stakeholders, identifying potential risks, then analyzing and evaluating risks, treating risks within organization and then monitoring and reviewing risk management. How would you ensure that your risk management processes take into account the following legislation, codes of practices and national standards( 2marks each) Duty of care When applying risk management processes, it needs to evaluate procedure such that it adheres to minimum amounts of care while performing acts pertaining to risk management(Arena, 2010). Company law Risk management processes formation has to comply with codes of conduct with the company law as otherwise it will not be binding upon stakeholders of the company. Contract law Processes of risk management cannot override contract law, it can be evaluated by assessing each aspects of the risk management processes. Environmental law Each and every consequence of risks management on environment needs to be evaluated. Risk management in respect of environment needs to be assessed for complete adherence to environmental laws. Freedom of information Risk management needs to be thoroughly communicated to all internal stakeholders of the organization such that freedom of information is maintained. Industrial relation law Risk control and management procedures implication on workers and laborers needs to be assessed such that they comply with industrial relation law(Manuj, 2008). Privacy and confidentiality Matters relating to privacy and confidentiality needs to be kept away from disclosure to all stakeholders, to maintain compliance to such laws. Competition and Consumer Law Risk management processes in regards to competitors and consumer have to be adhering to norms of such laws. Hence departments forming processes for risk control needs to have proper knowledge of such laws to adhere to the same. Disability law Disability law needs to be diligently followed and any individual forming risk management has to be aware of individuals with disabilities. Why is it important to gain support for risk management activities? What methods can you use to get this support? In risk management process, organizational support helps in maintaining of organizational culture and policies for current laws of the state. Support helps in managing and reduction of risks by control methods and strategies. It also helps in proper decision making and identifying strengths as well as weaknesses(Braunscheidel, 2009). Effective communication can be used to gain organizational support. How would you communicate with relevant parties about the risk management process? Relevant parties may include staff, internal and external stakeholders, senior management, specific teams or technical experts. (3marks) Communication forms an important aspect of risk management processes, hence it is integral to inform all relevant stakeholders in the process(Power, 2007). Communication procedure will include billboards, meetings, advertisements, booklets, internet and web and other processes to increase awareness. How would you encourage such parties to assist in the identification of risks? Brainstorming, Mindmaping and other processes will be used for identifying risks by stakeholders. References Arena, M. A. (2010). The organizational dynamics of enterprise risk management. . Accounting, Organizations and Society, 359-675. Braunscheidel, M. J. (2009). The organizational antecedents of a firms supply chain agility for risk mitigation and response. . Journal of operations Management, 119-140. Lam, J. (2014). Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Manuj, I. . (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies. . International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 192-223. Power, M. (2007). Organized uncertainty: Designing a world of risk management. . Oxford University Press on Demand.

Use of Technology for Public Speaking-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Does a presenter prepare the content, style and format to meet their own needs or the needs of the audience? Is there a limit to the use of technology and if so, where is it? Answer: The presenter prepares the content, style and format to meet the need of the audience. The needs of the audience should be kept on top of the mind for a great public speaking (German et al., 2016). There is a limit to the use of technology in presenting information to the audience. The limitation might rise as in case of loss of connectivity or loss of information to be conveyed. In that case, the speaker if prepared with his own speech will be beneficial to him otherwise recollecting all the information for the presenter will be difficult to present his speech. Many a times communicating verbally is much convenient and easier rather than using technology such as email or fax which is time consuming. Purpose of writing The purpose of writing is to give advice to the senior students of the university studying for their final end semester. This career advice will help them to broaden their knowledge and increase the understanding of upcoming opportunities. It will benefit the group of students to become motivated and boost their self confidence. In addition, allows recognizing their field of interest and carrying forward with that path in future. Role of audience The type of roles the audience adopted is implementer. The students of the university will be able to learn and apply it in their future to achieve success in their field of interest. Communication Channel and type of Document The most appropriate channel to match the needs of the audience would be first to use a written communication by sending an invitation email to all the students of the university to participate and then verbal communication by delivering a speech on career advice to the participants. Description of the Audience The audience whom the speech is to be delivered is a group of seniors who are to complete their graduation in few months and expect the speaker to provide with knowledge on career counseling. The Writer adapted The writer started his speech with sharing the same experience of his life when he was in his final semester. To give the speech an interesting start for the audience and grab their attention. Then the speaker delivered several tips and the benefits of studying further and making a good career with examples of famous personalities in order to inspire the audience. References German, K. M., Gronbeck, B. E., Ehninger, D., Monroe, A. H. (2016).Principles of public speaking. Routledge. Kittinger, R., Correia, C. J., Irons, J. G. (2012). Relationship between Facebook use and problematic Internet use among college students.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,15(6), 324-327.

Bible Translations in German and English

Bible Translations in German and English Essentially, every Bible is a translation. The ancient elements that became what we now call the Bible were originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek on papyrus, leather, and clay. Some of the originals have been lost and exist only in copies that suffer from errors and omissions that have dismayed biblical scholars and translators.   More modern editions, using more recent discoveries such as the  Dead Sea Scrolls, try to render the Bible as accurately as possible from the ancient originals. By the end of the 20th century, the Bible had been translated into more than 1,100 different world languages and dialects. The history of biblical translation is long and fascinating, but here well concentrate on the German connections- of which there are many. Ulfilas The earliest Germanic version of the Bible was Ulfilas Gothic translation from Latin and Greek. From Ulfilas came much of the Germanic Christian vocabulary that is still in use today. Later Charlemagne (Karl der Große) would foster Frankish (Germanic) biblical translations in the ninth century. Over the years, prior to the appearance of the first printed German Bible in 1466, various German and German dialect translations of the scriptures were published. The Augsburger Bibel of 1350 was a complete New Testament, while the Wenzel Bible (1389) contained the Old Testament in German. Gutenberg Bible   Johannes Gutenbergs so-called 42-line Bible, printed in Mainz in 1455, was in Latin. About 40 copies exist today in various states of completeness. It was Gutenbergs invention of printing with movable type that made the Bible, in any language, vastly more influential and important. It was now possible to produce Bibles and other books in greater quantities at a lower cost. First Printed Bible in German Before Martin Luther was even born, a German-language Bible was published in 1466, using Gutenbergs invention. Known as the Mentel Bible, this Bible  was a literal translation of the Latin Vulgate. Printed in Strassburg, the Mentel Bible appeared in some 18 editions until it was replaced by Luthers new translation in 1522. Die Luther Bibel The most influential German Bible, and the one that continues to be most widely used in the Germanic world today (it saw its last official revised edition in 1984), was translated from the original Hebrew and Greek by Martin Luther (1483-1546) in the record time of just ten weeks (New Testament) during his involuntary stay in the Wartburg Castle near Eisenach, Germany. Luthers first complete Bible in German appeared in 1534. He continued to revise his translations up until his death. In response to Luthers Protestant Bible, the German Catholic Church published its own versions, most notably the Emser Bibel, which became the standard German Catholic Bible. Luthers German Bible also became the primary source for other northern European versions in Danish, Dutch, and Swedish. Scriptures and  Prayers in German and English German du is equal to thou in English. Modern English versions of the Bible use you since thou has faded from English, but du is still used in German. Nevertheless, revised versions of Luthers 1534 Bible have updated many other language changes, using more modern usage to replace the outdated 16th century German. Here are some oft-quoted Biblical passages in German, with English translations. The Book of Genesis Genesis  - LutherbibelKapitel Die Schà ¶pfung Am Anfang schuf Gott Himmel und Erde.Und die Erde war wà ¼st und leer, und es war finster auf der Tiefe; und der Geist Gottes schwebte auf dem Wasser.Und Gott sprach: Es werde Licht! Und es ward Licht.Und Gott sah, daß das Licht gut war. Da schied Gott das Licht von der Finsternisund nannte das Licht Tag und die Finsternis Nacht. Da ward aus Abend und Morgen der erste Tag.   Genesis - King James,  Chapter One:  Creation   In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.   Psalm 23  Lutherbibel:  Ein Psalm Davids   Der HERR ist mein Hirte, mir wird nichts mangeln.Er weidet mich auf einer grà ¼nen Aue und fà ¼hret mich zum frischen Wasser.Er erquicket meine Seele. Er fà ¼hret mich auf rechter Straße um seines Namens willen.Und ob ich schon wanderte im finstern Tal, fà ¼rchte ich kein Unglà ¼ck;         denn du bist bei mir, dein Stecken und Stab trà ¶sten mich.Du bereitest vor mir einen Tisch im Angesicht meiner Feinde. Du salbest mein Haupt mit Ãâ€"l und schenkest mir voll ein.Gutes und Barmherzigkeit werden mir folgen mein Leben lang, und ich werde bleiben         im Hause des HERRN immerdar. Psalm 23   King James:  A Psalm of David The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.He restoreth my soul. He leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his names sake.Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil:         for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: Thou anointest         my head with oil: my cup runneth over.Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever. Gebete (Prayers) Das Vaterunser (Paternoster) - Kirchenbuch (1908)  Vater unser, der Du bist im Himmel. Geheiliget werde Dein Name. Dein Reich komme. Dein Wille geschehe, wie im Himmel, also auch auf Erden. Unser tglich Brot gieb uns heute. Und vergieb uns unsere Schuld, als wir vergieben unsern Schuldigern. Und fà ¼hre uns nicht in Versuchung; Sondern erlà ¶se uns von dem ÃÅ"bel. Denn Dein ist das Reich und die Kraft und die Herrlichkeit in Ewigkeit. Amen. The Lords Prayer (Paternoster) - King James  Our Father who  art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. Das Gloria Patri - Kirchenbuch   Ehr sei dem Vater und dem Sohn und dem Heiligen Geist, wie es war im Anfang, jetzt und immerdar und von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit. Amen. The Gloria Patri - Book of Common Prayer  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost; as it was in the beginning, is now and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Da ich ein Kind war, redete ich wie ein Kind und war klug wie ein Kind und hatte kindische Anschlge. Da ich aber ein Mann ward, tat ich ab, was kindisch war. 1. Korinther 13,11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.   I Corinthians 13:11 The First Five Books of the German Bible The first five books of the Bible in German are referred to as Mose (Moses) 1-5. They correspond to Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy in English. Many of the names of the other books are very similar or identical in German and English, but a few are not that obvious. Below youll find all of the names of the books of the Old and New Testaments listed in the order they appear.   Genesis :  1 Mose, Genesis Exodus:  2 Mose, Exodus Leviticus:  3 Mose, Levitikus Numbers:  4 Mose, Numeri Deuteronomy:  5 Mose, Deuternomium Joshua: Josua Judges:  Richter Ruth:  Rut I Samuel:  1 Samuel II Samuel:  2 Samuel I Kings:  1 Kà ¶nige II Kings:  2 Kà ¶nige I Chronicles:  1 Chronik II Chronicles:  2 Chronik Ezra:  Esra Nehemiah:  Nehemia Esther:  Ester Job:  Hiob Psalms: Der Psalter Proverbs:  Sprueche Ecclesiastes:  Prediger Song of Solomon: Das Hohelied Salomos Isaiah:  Jesaja Jeremiah: Jeremia Lamentations Klagelieder Ezekial:  Hesekiel Daniel:  Daniel Hosea:  Hosea Joel: Joel Amos: Amos Obadiah:  Obadja Jonah:  Jona Micah:  Mica Nahum:  Nahum Habakkuk: Habakuk Zephaniah:  Zephanja Haggai:  Haggai Zechariah: Sacharja Malachi:  Maleachi

The Assumption and Limitation of CAPM Essay Example

The Assumption and Limitation of CAPM Essay Example The Assumption and Limitation of CAPM Paper The Assumption and Limitation of CAPM Paper There are numerous assumptions behind the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Firstly, every single investor aims at maximising the economic utility. In other words, investors make as much as money they can. Its because different investors have different preferences for the risk. Some would have preferences for a larger risk and some for a smaller risk. Therefore, the preference of investors for risk return would be taken in to account. The second assumption is that the investors would get all available information with no cost and no loss of time. In other words, information is available to all investors at the same time. If the information cannot be got at the same time by investors, different conclusions would be drawn. However, in fact, real markets contain information asymmetry, which means some people may get more information than others. Thirdly, the assumption is that there are no taxes or transaction costs. In reality, the composition of the optimum portfolio will be changed by taking taxes and transaction costs into account since both of them have an influence on real financial products. Last but not least, the assumption is that investors can borrow and lend unlimited money under the risk free rate of interests. Yet, in fact, every single investor has a credit limit. Thus, they cant borrow or lend money as much as they want. The assumptions are drawn because the CAPM cannot be worked efficiently and precisely without the assumptions. Limitation In CAPM, there are several limitations. Firstly, the risk free rate of return is hard to be estimate by CAPM under different economic environment. Secondly, the CAPM is impossible to be used for a project which last for more than one year as CAPM is a single period model. Firstly, investors cannot always foresee that return of assets precisely as its limitation. Its because all data about the share prices and the market portfolio investors have are past data. Therefore, to estimate the betas which are used to forecast future returns, investors can use the historical data only. It is acceptable that the future risk is measured based on historical beta if the betas are stable over time. However, the betas of individual securities are not stable over time, which has shown by researches. Thus, historical betas are not a good indicator of the future risk. Secondly, CAPM is based on unrealistic assumptions which are just mentioned above. In reality, it is hard to reach all assumptions. For example: the assumption of the equality of the lending and borrowing rates is not correct. In fact, the rates would be different or hard to be the same. Therefore, the market indices may not well vary or investors may not hold highly diversified portfolios. By these reasons, CAPM cannot explain the investment behavior of investors precisely and betas cannot capture the risk of investment. Thirdly, the risk free rate of return is hard to be estimate by CAPM under different economic environment and lastly the CAPM is impossible to be used for a project which last for more than one year as CAPM is a single period model. The Use of CAPM CAPM is used to look for explaining the relationship between risk and return in a rational equilibrium market. By doing that, there are many uses of CAPM. Firstly, investors can determine if the portfolio should be undertaken or not by analysing the CAPM. Secondly, it can give the idea for investors what decision they should make if the securitys risk versus expected return is plotted below or above the SML in the graph. For example: if a stock is plotted well below the SML, the investor should not buy it because the investor can get the higher expected return by investing half their money in Treasury bills and half in the market portfolio. Thirdly, in dividend valuation models, an asset is valued with the provision of an appropriate discount rate. Such valuation is obtained with the help from CAPM which indicates the expected or required rates of return on risky assets. Comparisons can be made between the two rates implied by CAPM with a result of over or under valuation. Thus, investors can determine the decision conveniently. Conclusion To conclude, Capital Asset Pricing Model is an easy and sensible theory which can explain the behavior of security profitability. It is very popular nowadays because this model is built on modern portfolio theory and it can distinguish between systematic risk and non-systematic risk easily. Therefore, people can understand and make the financial decision easily. However, CAPM is quite controversial in some circumstances because it is hard to recognize the market portfolio and the return and besides, betas are not easy to be estimated. Without the details of the return and betas, the decision of investors cannot be drawn easily or precisely. Therefore, sufficient information is needed in CAPM.

Cooper Green Hospital and the Community Care Plan Case Study

Cooper Green Hospital and the Community Care Plan - Case Study Example Finally, the expansion of the program has to be driven by an individual other than Dr Max Michael the originator of the program. He he has neither the promotional, organizational or social skills needed to develop a team that can effectively realize the cost benefits to service providers and time and convenience benefits to CCP members. This case presents a series of key issues that, traced backwards, draw out the essential issues. The presenting issue is a lack of revenue: Start-up funds are terminating and the program is not yet self-supporting. The program is not yet self-supporting because it does not have enough paying participants. Therefore, the program needs more members, paying more membership fees to become self-supporting (or, ideally, profitable). The key issue in this case is promotional. One might be tempted to say marketing, but promotional is more accurate. Individuals to not need to be persuaded to buy membership in the Cooper Green Hospitals Community Care Plan (CCP) clinics. The problem is actually much more fundamental. They need to be made aware that the option exists. The case indicates that potential members have not made a choice not to join a CCP but rather, for the most part, were never aware that they had the option, of what the option entailed, an of what the potential benefits were. It is in this sense that the key issue is promotional. The symptoms are financial losses and low membership but the key issue is promotional: The target client group is largely unaware of the availability of the service. They lack the information necessary to say yes to CCP clinic membership. A lack of promotion is also evident on an entirely different level. The employees seem to enjoy working in the CCP environment and be motivated. However, the same cannot be said about their bureaucratic and political masters.